Style Rules

Style rules are the foundation of Sass, just like they are for CSS. And they work the same way: you choose which elements to style with a selector, and declare properties that affect how those elements look.

Playground

SCSS Syntax

.button {
  padding: 3px 10px;
  font-size: 12px;
  border-radius: 3px;
  border: 1px solid #e1e4e8;
}
Playground

Sass Syntax

.button
  padding: 3px 10px
  font-size: 12px
  border-radius: 3px
  border: 1px solid #e1e4e8

CSS Output

.button {
  padding: 3px 10px;
  font-size: 12px;
  border-radius: 3px;
  border: 1px solid #e1e4e8;
}

NestingNesting permalink

But Sass wants to make your life easier. Rather than repeating the same selectors over and over again, you can write one style rules inside another. Sass will automatically combine the outer rule’s selector with the inner rule’s.

Playground

SCSS Syntax

nav {
  ul {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
  }

  li { display: inline-block; }

  a {
    display: block;
    padding: 6px 12px;
    text-decoration: none;
  }
}
Playground

Sass Syntax

nav
  ul
    margin: 0
    padding: 0
    list-style: none

  li
    display: inline-block

  a
    display: block
    padding: 6px 12px
    text-decoration: none

CSS Output

nav ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
nav li {
  display: inline-block;
}
nav a {
  display: block;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

⚠️ Heads up!

Nested rules are super helpful, but they can also make it hard to visualize how much CSS you’re actually generating. The deeper you nest, the more bandwidth it takes to serve your CSS and the more work it takes the browser to render it. Keep those selectors shallow!

Selector ListsSelector Lists permalink

Nested rules are clever about handling selector lists (that is, comma-separated selectors). Each complex selector (the ones between the commas) is nested separately, and then they’re combined back into a selector list.

Playground

SCSS Syntax

.alert, .warning {
  ul, p {
    margin-right: 0;
    margin-left: 0;
    padding-bottom: 0;
  }
}
Playground

Sass Syntax

.alert, .warning
  ul, p
    margin-right: 0
    margin-left: 0
    padding-bottom: 0

CSS Output

.alert ul, .alert p, .warning ul, .warning p {
  margin-right: 0;
  margin-left: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

Selector CombinatorsSelector Combinators permalink

You can nest selectors that use combinators as well. You can put the combinator at the end of the outer selector, at the beginning of the inner selector, or even all on its own in between the two.

Playground

SCSS Syntax

ul > {
  li {
    list-style-type: none;
  }
}

h2 {
  + p {
    border-top: 1px solid gray;
  }
}

p {
  ~ {
    span {
      opacity: 0.8;
    }
  }
}
Playground

Sass Syntax

ul >
  li
    list-style-type: none



h2
  + p
    border-top: 1px solid gray



p
  ~
    span
      opacity: 0.8

CSS Output

ul > li {
  list-style-type: none;
}

h2 + p {
  border-top: 1px solid gray;
}

p ~ span {
  opacity: 0.8;
}

Advanced NestingAdvanced Nesting permalink

If you want to do more with your nested style rules than just combine them in order with the descendant combinator (that is, a plain space) separating them, Sass has your back. See the parent selector documentation for more details.

InterpolationInterpolation permalink

You can use interpolation to inject values from expressions like variables and function calls into your selectors. This is particularly useful when you’re writing mixins, since it allows you to create selectors from parameters your users pass in.

Playground

SCSS Syntax

@mixin define-emoji($name, $glyph) {
  span.emoji-#{$name} {
    font-family: IconFont;
    font-variant: normal;
    font-weight: normal;
    content: $glyph;
  }
}

@include define-emoji("women-holding-hands", "πŸ‘­");
Playground

Sass Syntax

@mixin define-emoji($name, $glyph)
  span.emoji-#{$name}
    font-family: IconFont
    font-variant: normal
    font-weight: normal
    content: $glyph



@include define-emoji("women-holding-hands", "πŸ‘­")

CSS Output

@charset "UTF-8";
span.emoji-women-holding-hands {
  font-family: IconFont;
  font-variant: normal;
  font-weight: normal;
  content: "πŸ‘­";
}

πŸ’‘ Fun fact:

Sass only parses selectors after interpolation is resolved. This means you can safely use interpolation to generate any part of the selector without worrying that it won’t parse.

You can combine interpolation with the parent selector &, the @at-root rule, and selector functions to wield some serious power when dynamically generating selectors. For more information, see the parent selector documentation.